Geopolitics & The Toy Industry, Navigating An Ever More Complex World
Our Consultancy call service offers you the chance to ask any questions you have about your business, your products, export markets, manufacturing – pretty much anything about how to get ahead in the Toy business, We can also give you some additional contacts of key people across the toy business from distributors to factories to product developers. If you want to find out more on how this service works, just click here: https://www.kidsbrandinsight.com/services
THINGS USED TO BE SO MUCH SIMPLER…OR WERE THEY?
If you watch Television news nowadays, it’s hard to avoid constant reportage of Geopolitical tensions amid a seemingly very disrupted world. Things had seemed so simple previously – ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union ended Cold War 1 & heralded the age of a Unipolar world with the USA as the single military superpower.
Today the world is much more complex than it was. But it’s also easy to forget how difficult and tense society was before the Soviet Union collapsed. I remember well hearing the testing of nuclear air raid sirens in the UK as a kid back in the 1980s – frankly it was scary to grow up within the constant shadow of a potential nuclear holocaust. Schools played public service broadcasts on VHS (!), showing what would happen if a nuclear war actually happened.
The reality though from a historical perspective is that the comparatively calm period of the 1990s through to around 2010-2015 was the exception in human history. Planet Earth had rarely been so calm, and so comparatively peaceful.
And why does all this matter for those in the business of Toys & Games? Because we’re in a more complicated environment for doing business, and relatively few Toy companies produce and sell their Toys in just one country. In fact, nearly every Toy company I know where the company has been in business for more than 5 years is in effect a global business. Many are manufacturing in China, Vietnam, India or other Asian countries, and selling across North America & Europe at least. So the reality is this, you may not care about all the ins and outs of Geopolitical wranglings, but you certainly feel the effects of the consequences. Surely it makes sense to get more educated about what is going on in the world to pre-empt the risk of your business being ever more disrupted by the tides of geopolitics.
If you’re currently paying too much for container shipping out of Asia (again!), the 2 primary reasons for those cost increases are 1. Usual supply & demand economics and 2. Supply impacted by a live and hot Geopolitical situation, namely the circumventing of the Suez Canal by ships due to attacks on shipping by the Houthis from Yemen, who in turn say they are attacking shipping due to the Israel-Palestinian conflict, which in turn was caused by a long history of Geopolitical wranglings including Britain’s end of Empire period, the involvement of the United Nations and the fallout from World War 2.
Can higher shipping costs today really be linked to events from so long ago? Yep, absolutely. So you have a choice – to follow the Geopolitical trends to get ahead of the risks and opportunities your company faces, or to wait until things flare up and belatedly try to react to the situation on the hoof each time.
Below are a few broad Geopolitical issues to follow to keep an eye on what issues might affect the Toy industry next.
US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: TRUMP OR BIDEN
On one level you could argue that whether we get a Trump or Biden presidency next is an internal political matter for the American people. As a Brit I am certainly not going to give you any subjective opinion on U.S. domestic politics.
However, things are not quite as simple as that, because America is by far the world’s biggest Toy market, and so what happens in the forthcoming election WILL affect the world of Toys both at home and far away. We’re not going to look at the domestic policies of either candidate or either party here, because that just gets too contentious, but U.S. foreign policy is a big influencing factor for the Toy business.
Let’s look at Trump first – his first presidency saw him confront what he (and many others) saw as anti-competitive trade and economic policies from China. Generally speaking, Trump’s presidency was the first to see a clear switch from an open positively intended relationship from the U.S. towards China to a more adversarial and competitive outlook and relationship.
First time around, President Trump hit imports from China in numerous sectors with tariffs. He didn’t directly bring in heavy tariffs against Toy imports from China, but he was moving ever closer around the edges of the Toy categories, and some companies who sit across both the Toy biz and some other industries were affected.
As a strategic Sourcing consultancy, my Toy Team Asia business greatly benefited from President Trump’s tariffs and threats of further tariffs. My phone was red hot as companies squirmed and reacted to the real risk of significantly increased landed costs for importing Toys from the world’s biggest Toy manufacturing hub. For the first time under Trump’s 1st Presidency the Toy industry started to question whether it was sensible to rely nearly entirely on China for Toy manufacturing.
From the perspective of a second Biden Presidency, should that happen, we might not need to be so worried about the risk of sudden imposition of tariffs, but we can still see an administration focused on strategically competing with China, it’s just that the rate of change may be slower from a Toy manufacturing angle under Biden versus Trump.
The other major area which affects the Toy business is Trump’s stated desire to get peace in Ukraine, but we’ll come back to that when we look at that conflict further below.
GREAT POWER COMPETITION, DECOUPLING & MOVES IN MANUFACTURING
There is a lot going on in terms of the inter action of the world’s great powers right now. Much of it is beyond the scope of interest of the Toy business, but what is really clear is that over the last decade, we have moved from a situation where the USA & China had many mutual interests and some lesser areas of tension into pure two super power competition, and the aligning of nations on one side or the other broadly speaking. Many historians and geopolitical analysts are now referring to the state of the world today as ‘Cold War 2.0’.
The major impact of this for the global Toy business is a changing role for China. Having come out of the shadows and opened up in the late 1970s and early 1980s and having unleashed a huge hungry and poverty-stricken populace on low end manufacturing, China became the world’s manufacturing powerhouse.
Today though, many businesses, many retailers and many factories see the friction between the ‘Free world’ and the ‘Autocratic’ world as too risky to allow the previous status quo to continue.
Ten years ago, when I began the process of informing Toy companies they would be moving production out of China in the next few years whether they liked it or not due to the way the world was evolving, many laughed at me. Now, many of those same companies have sourcing offices and even new factories in distant geographies far away from China, and their communications with me give the impression that they never had any doubts on the need for strategic sourcing diversification!
China remains a critical partner to the global Toy industry however, and I want to be clear about that – I love Chinese culture, I grew up as part of the Bruce Lee generation. I have always loved mystical Eastern cultures and I have great friends and business partners in China, but the world has irrevocably changed, and while today I believe China is still producing in the vicinity of 80% of the world’s Toys, that market share is dropping, and the rate of decrease in share appears to be accelerating.
I have written extensively on the new winning geographies, which include Vietnam, Indonesia, India & Mexico. If you want to know more about this transition, just watch this video I posted a while back:
China, Taiwan & the USA
Aside from some production moving out of China, the other massive geopolitical risk factor when it comes to the USA & China is the issue of Taiwan. When relations between China & the USA thawed in the late 1970’s, Mao & Zhou, the leaders of China at the time said to the U.S. leaders, we don’t need to make Taiwan an issue that comes between us, because the reality is that Taiwan is part of China & will return to China eventually regardless of what either country does, so we don’t need to rush that issue or prompt a crisis, it will just happen eventually. In the meantime the U.S.A. adopted a policy of strategic ambiguity, neither declaring military support for Taiwan or not supporting Taiwan. This limbo situation suited both sides originally, China had other fish to fry, and the U.S. rarely needs further overseas entanglements, but at the same time benefited from a status quo in which China was not able to get past the ‘1st island chain’ to have a clear run at US pacific interests.
Today though the situation has changed, and the risks of conflict in the South China sea have increased as China’s strength has increased, as has her assertiveness, and strategic ambiguity is now in itself ambiguous – does President Biden support strategic ambiguity, or as he has sometime suggested, does he feel unambiguous in support for Taiwan?
The issue here for the Toy business is that if there were to be a conflict, or even a blockade of Taiwan in the world’s busiest container shipping waters, then the world as we know it would change overnight. Heavy economic sanctions would likely ensue, military tensions would rise, shipments would be at best rerouted to longer less direct routes (and we already know that causes massive shipping cost increases and affects demand for shipping capacity), and at worst imports from China could be entirely blocked.
Hopefully peace and mutual interest will prevail, but I have heard of major U.S. retailers telling suppliers to move a minimum fixed percentage of production out of China on a greater scale than they have been doing to reduce the commercial risks of a conflagration in and around the first island chain. As we know, stock market listed companies have whole divisions of staff who analyse risk, and they will take steps to reduce risk, regardless of whether the risk morphs into actual reality or not. So the bottom line is that even the risk or threat of a conflict in, near or around Taiwan has a real impact on how major commercial entities will interact with China.
THE MIDDLE EAST IN CONFLICT
Geopolitical tension in the middle east is nothing new. Most of us who have been around the block a time or two have seen a decades long carousel of conflict, turmoil and terrorism in or coming out of this part of the world. We don’t have time to go into all the reasons for why the middle east is one of the world’s most turbulent regions, but I think we can all accept as a provable fact that this is a more turbulent region than most.
From the oil crisis of the 1970s, through two gulf wars, the never-ending saga of the Iranian nuclear program and the tragically seemingly endless Palestinian-Israeli conflict, peace and tranquillity never seems to be just around the corner in this part of the world.
The latest round of turbulence has had a significant effect again on the Toy business due to the issues with Houthi attacks on ships looking to transit the Suez canal. This is a much quicker, and therefore much cheaper, route from Asia to Europe, and the East coast of the USA. Rerouting container ships & oil tankers around the bottom of Africa has pumped up shipping costs again. We don’t seem to be back at the outrageous levels we experienced coming through the pandemic, where container costs were as much as 1000% higher than standard, but we are getting people being hit with c. 200-400% of historical costs.
At this stage, these costs are effectively already baked in for 2024 peak season, but hopefully the cost structure which developed to get through the last container shipping crisis has left some room for movement here, but regardless of that it isn’t making things any easier!
In terms of the prospect for a resolution to the issues accessing the Suez Canal, well, who knows! The good thing is that it is in the interests of many major powers to see this situation resolved. Whereas China’s state may see other conflicts as being strategically in their interests if it weakens their main competitors in the West, clearly shipments from China passing through the Suez Canal is important for China’s critical manufacturing sector. Historically, manufacturing was a bigger part of China’s economy, but today it still represents around ¼ of China’s economy, so doubtless whatever China can do to encourage the resolution of the Houthi attacks on shipping will be done, and this hopefully outs the U.S. and China on the same side for once on that specific issue.
Looking beyond that it’s currently hard to see how the friction between Hamas, Hezbollah, Iran & Israel will blow over, as all sides seem to be set on hard-line paths to conflict and destruction sadly. I’m not holding my breath for peace in this region, but I hope to be proved wrong on that.
On final point – despite all this tension & conflict, we still have a Toy business worth approximately $1bn USD in this region, and that is a testament to the determination and strength of Toy people. When I started in the Toy business some 25 years ago, this part of the world was regarded by many major Toy companies as being more or less insignificant commercially, that is clearly not the case anymore.
WAR IN UKRAINE AND THE THREAT OF BROADER WAR IN EUROPE
Remarkably, the unleashing of destructive war in Europe on a grand scale for the first time since the end of WW2 has had surprisingly little impact on the European Toy market overall (albeit it has been tragically destructive for Ukraine & her people). No doubt some companies stopped trading in Russia, for example, Hasbro announced in an earnings call a more or less immediate end of more than $100m in business in Russia soon after the conflict began.
But the trade gossip suggests that many companies are circumventing lost sales to Russia by having record sales into Russia’s neighbours like Kazakhstan. One company told me off the record that while they stopped selling to Russia directly themselves, sales into Kazakhstan have increased by c. 500%...I’ll let you connect the dots…
As unbelievable as it seems to have to state this after so many decades of peace following the mass scale destruction and slaughter of World War 2, we do have to consider the genuine risk of broader war in Europe between Russia & NATO, because both parties and their various constituent parts have made various comments on this. It seems to be very unlikely that either NATO or Russia would be crazy enough to engage in direct conflict between each other. Some quick research will show that if all of NATO fought a conventional war against Russia, Russia would lose emphatically, but of course Russia has the world’s greatest collection of nuclear weapons, and therefore direct conflict should remain unthinkable for both sides, but then again history is full of miscalculations and strategic missteps.
The lyrics to Sting’s famous song ‘Russians’, from the tail end of the Cold War spring to mind:
“Believe me when I say to you I hope the Russians love their children too”
Let’s hope that common sense prevails, but the reality is that any broadening of conflict in Europe would be terrible and risk massive impact in terms of the societies, economies and populations of Europe. Expect the Toy business to be massively impacted if things go wrong here and war spreads, but fingers crossed they won’t!
As a Consultant though, I am increasingly advising my clients to grow their business outside Europe to reduce the %age of their business at threat if conflict spreads further or if economies of European nations are hit by wider conflict. Sad times.
ECONOMIC TRENDS: POST INFLATION (?)
Another major consideration is the global economy. Major economies had high inflation coming out of the pandemic at a level most of us haven’t seen in our adult lives. This in turn pumped up interest rates, made borrowing more expensive and reduced consumer demand across the board.
The good news is that inflation rates have come down considerably, and the direction on interest rates in many countries is starting to look like heading notably downwards also, but as of yet, there is no sign of a major uptick in consumer spending. It may take a couple of years for everything to shake out and for demand to significantly increase again.
The truly surprising thing about the past couple of years is that we Toy people take pride (and reassurance) from the fact that our industry is so provably recession resistant. It wasn’t fun working through the global financial crisis of the late noughties, but other industries were much more badly affected than ours. The last few years have seen our industry impacted in a way which most of us never saw before.
Again though, the good thing about surviving hard times, is that when tough times abate, those left are tougher, leaner and more likely to take advantage of opportunities on the next boom period.
BRITAIN & THE EU POST BREXIT
A look at geopolitics and the Toy business would not be complete with at least a paragraph or two on the ‘B’ word. Has Brexit been the economic miracle many suggested it would be, absolutely not! But on the other side it has not provably been a disaster either, for either Britain or for the EU.
Yes, many companies had to double up warehouses on each side of ‘Le Channel’. Yes, bureaucracy has increased if you want to send anything over the pond, and yes it’s a pain in the backside as a Brit to have to queue longer to get into other European countries, but much to my surprise, I have not seen any massively negative issues looking at the Toy business as a whole…it’s more just the imposition of annoying barriers to things we used to take for granted, and I guess you can consider those as ‘First world problems’ in the grand scheme of things.
REASONS TO BE CHEERFUL
The Toy business has been through a tough couple of years. The world is getting more complicated, not less so, and so it’s not always easy to look forward in confidence these days. But one thing which always fills me with optimism for our industry is when I run Focus Groups on Toys with kids & parents. I have completed various research projects this year, and aside from all the bigger picture challenges out there, the reality is that kids still REALLY love Toys, and parents like them playing with many different types of Toys. Kids also tend to own hundreds of Toys in general by the time they are moving out of the age of playing with Toys. This always makes me feel like things are going to work out well eventually for the Toy business, even if there are a few more clouds around than there used to be.
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Our Consultancy call service offers you the chance to ask any questions you have about your business, your products, export markets, manufacturing – pretty much anything about how to get ahead in the Toy business, We can also give you some additional contacts of key people across the toy business from distributors to factories to product developers. If you want to find out more on how this service works, just click here: https://www.kidsbrandinsight.com/services